Title |
Low-dose endotoxin inhalation in healthy volunteers - a challenge model for early clinical drug development
|
---|---|
Published in |
BMC Pulmonary Medicine, March 2013
|
DOI | 10.1186/1471-2466-13-19 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Ole Janssen, Frank Schaumann, Olaf Holz, Bianca Lavae-Mokhtari, Lutz Welker, Carla Winkler, Heike Biller, Norbert Krug, Jens M Hohlfeld |
Abstract |
Inhalation of endotoxin (LPS) induces a predominantly neutrophilic airway inflammation and has been used as model to test the anti-inflammatory activity of novel drugs. In the past, a dose exceeding 15-50 μg was generally needed to induce a sufficient inflammatory response. For human studies, regulatory authorities in some countries now request the use of GMP-grade LPS, which is of limited availability. It was therefore the aim of this study to test the effect and reproducibility of a low-dose LPS challenge (20,000 E.U.; 2 μg) using a flow- and volume-controlled inhalation technique to increase LPS deposition. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Argentina | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 3 | 75% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
Scientists | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Belgium | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 43 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 11 | 25% |
Researcher | 10 | 23% |
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 9% |
Professor | 3 | 7% |
Student > Postgraduate | 2 | 5% |
Other | 6 | 14% |
Unknown | 8 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 12 | 27% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 10 | 23% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 9% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 5% |
Environmental Science | 1 | 2% |
Other | 4 | 9% |
Unknown | 11 | 25% |