Title |
The potential impact of primary headache disorders on stroke risk
|
---|---|
Published in |
The Journal of Headache and Pain, December 2016
|
DOI | 10.1186/s10194-016-0701-2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Chia-Lin Tsai, Chung-Hsing Chou, Pei-Jung Lee, Jiu-Haw Yin, Shao-Yuan Chen, Chun-Chieh Lin, Yueh-Feng Sung, Fu-Chi Yang, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Wu-Chien Chien, Chia-Kuang Tsai, Jiunn-Tay Lee |
Abstract |
Headache such as migraine is associated with stroke. Studies focused on primary headache disorders (PHDs) as a risk factor for stroke are limited. The purpose of this population-based cohort study was to explore whether patients with PHDs were at a high risk for developing stroke. A total of 1346 patients with PHDs were enrolled and compared with 5384 age-, gender- and co-morbidity-matched control cohorts. International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification codes were administered for the definition of PHDs, stroke, and stroke risk factors. Cox proportional-hazards regressions were performed for investigating hazard ratios (HR). PHDs patients exhibited a 1.49 times (95% CI :1.15-1.98, p < 0.01) higher risk for developing ischaemic stroke compared with that of control cohorts. Both migraine (HR = 1.22, 95% CI :1.13-1.97, p < 0.05) and tension-type headache (HR = 2.29, 95% CI :1.22-2.80, p < 0.01) were associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Females with PHDs were at greater risk of developing ischaemic stroke (HR = 1.49, 95% CI :1.13-1.90, p < 0.01) than those without PHDs. PHDs patient aged 45 to 64 years displayed significantly higher risk to develop ischaemic stroke (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.11-2.10, p < 0.05) than the matched controls. The impact of PHDs on ischaemic stroke risk became gradually apparent by different following time intervals beyond 2 years after first diagnosis. PHDs is suggestive of an incremental risk for ischaemic stroke with gender-dependent, age-specific and time-dependent characteristics. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 38 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 4 | 11% |
Student > Postgraduate | 3 | 8% |
Student > Master | 3 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 8% |
Student > Bachelor | 2 | 5% |
Other | 8 | 21% |
Unknown | 15 | 39% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 7 | 18% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 4 | 11% |
Computer Science | 2 | 5% |
Psychology | 2 | 5% |
Neuroscience | 2 | 5% |
Other | 4 | 11% |
Unknown | 17 | 45% |