Title |
Roles of neuropathology-associated reactive astrocytes: a systematic review
|
---|---|
Published in |
Acta Neuropathologica Communications, March 2023
|
DOI | 10.1186/s40478-023-01526-9 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jill M. Lawrence, Kayla Schardien, Brian Wigdahl, Michael R. Nonnemacher |
Abstract |
In the contexts of aging, injury, or neuroinflammation, activated microglia signaling with TNF-α, IL-1α, and C1q induces a neurotoxic astrocytic phenotype, classified as A1, A1-like, or neuroinflammatory reactive astrocytes. In contrast to typical astrocytes, which promote neuronal survival, support synapses, and maintain blood-brain barrier integrity, these reactive astrocytes downregulate supportive functions and begin to secrete neurotoxic factors, complement components like C3, and chemokines like CXCL10, which may facilitate recruitment of immune cells across the BBB into the CNS. The proportion of pro-inflammatory reactive astrocytes increases with age through associated microglia activation, and these pro-inflammatory reactive astrocytes are particularly abundant in neurodegenerative disorders. As the identification of astrocyte phenotypes progress, their molecular and cellular effects are characterized in a growing array of neuropathologies. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 33% |
Uruguay | 1 | 11% |
Spain | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 4 | 44% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 5 | 56% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 22% |
Scientists | 2 | 22% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 116 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 16 | 14% |
Unspecified | 10 | 9% |
Researcher | 9 | 8% |
Student > Bachelor | 8 | 7% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 6% |
Other | 13 | 11% |
Unknown | 53 | 46% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Neuroscience | 19 | 16% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 12 | 10% |
Unspecified | 10 | 9% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 7 | 6% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 3% |
Other | 9 | 8% |
Unknown | 55 | 47% |