Title |
The evolution of farnesoid X, vitamin D, and pregnane X receptors: insights from the green-spotted pufferfish (Tetraodon nigriviridis) and other non-mammalian species
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Published in |
BMC Molecular and Cell Biology, February 2011
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DOI | 10.1186/1471-2091-12-5 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Matthew D Krasowski, Ni Ai, Lee R Hagey, Erin M Kollitz, Seth W Kullman, Erica J Reschly, Sean Ekins |
Abstract |
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) are three closely related nuclear hormone receptors in the NR1H and 1I subfamilies that share the property of being activated by bile salts. Bile salts vary significantly in structure across vertebrate species, suggesting that receptors binding these molecules may show adaptive evolutionary changes in response. We have previously shown that FXRs from the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) are activated by planar bile alcohols found in these two species. In this report, we characterize FXR, PXR, and VDR from the green-spotted pufferfish (Tetraodon nigriviridis), an actinopterygian fish that unlike the zebrafish has a bile salt profile similar to humans. We utilize homology modelling, docking, and pharmacophore studies to understand the structural features of the Tetraodon receptors. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 2 | 4% |
Unknown | 43 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 12 | 27% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 18% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 6 | 13% |
Student > Master | 6 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 7% |
Other | 8 | 18% |
Unknown | 2 | 4% |
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Neuroscience | 2 | 4% |
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