Title |
Making three-dimensional echocardiography more tangible: a workflow for three-dimensional printing with echocardiographic data
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Published in |
Echo Research & Practice, December 2017
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DOI | 10.1530/erp-16-0036 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Azad Mashari, Mario Montealegre-Gallegos, Ziyad Knio, Lu Yeh, Jelliffe Jeganathan, Robina Matyal, Kamal R. Khabbaz, Feroze Mahmood |
Abstract |
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a rapidly evolving technology that has several potential applications in the diagnosis and management of cardiac disease. Recently, 3D printing (i.e. rapid prototyping) derived from 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has become possible. Several steps need to be followed in order to perform echocardiography-derived 3D printing. These include logistics and organization of tools and materials, 3D TEE image acquisition, data export from the ultrasound system, format conversion, segmentation, generation of a stereolithography file, and printing. Due to the multiple steps involved and the specific software packages required for each one, it may be difficult to start implementing echocardiography-derived 3D printing. Therefore, we decided to describe the workflow for 3D printing of cardiac anatomical structures from 3D TEE data. Generation of these patient-specific cardiac anatomy models from echocardiographic data is a feasible, practical application of 3D printing technology. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 6 | 17% |
United Kingdom | 6 | 17% |
Spain | 2 | 6% |
Italy | 2 | 6% |
Australia | 1 | 3% |
Portugal | 1 | 3% |
Canada | 1 | 3% |
Netherlands | 1 | 3% |
Mexico | 1 | 3% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 14 | 40% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 25 | 71% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 4 | 11% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 11% |
Scientists | 2 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Belgium | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 81 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 12 | 15% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 12% |
Student > Master | 9 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 7% |
Other | 6 | 7% |
Other | 17 | 21% |
Unknown | 22 | 27% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 25 | 30% |
Engineering | 17 | 21% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 6% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 4% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 4% |
Other | 4 | 5% |
Unknown | 25 | 30% |