Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses elucidate key salt-responsive biomarkers to regulate salt tolerance in cotton

Mingge Han, Ruifeng Cui, Delong Wang, Hui Huang, Cun Rui, Waqar Afzal Malik, Jing Wang, Hong Zhang, Nan Xu, Xiaoyu Liu, Yuqian Lei, Tiantian Jiang, Liangqing Sun, Kesong Ni, Yapeng Fan, Yuexin Zhang, Junjuan Wang, Xiugui Chen, Xuke Lu, Zujun Yin, Shuai Wang, Lixue Guo, Lanjie Zhao, Chao Chen, Wuwei Ye

Cotton is an important industrial crop and a pioneer crop for saline-alkali land restoration. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the cotton response to salt is not completely understood. Here, we used metabolome data and transcriptome data to analyze the salt tolerance regulatory network of cotton and metabolic biomarkers. In this study, cotton was stressed at 400 m M NaCl for 0 h, 3 h, 24 h and 48 h. NaCl interfered with cotton gene expression, altered metabolite contents and affected plant growth. Metabolome analysis showed that NaCl stress increased the contents of amino acids, sugars and ABA, decreased the amount of vitamin and terpenoids. K-means cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the continuously up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as flavonoid biosynthesis and amino acid biosynthesis. The four metabolites of cysteine (Cys), ABA(Abscisic acid), turanose, and isopentenyladenine-7-N-glucoside (IP7G) were consistently up-regulated under salt stress, which may indicate that they are potential candidates for cotton under salt stress biomarkers. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed accumulation of cysteine, ABA, isopentenyladenine-7-N-glucoside and turanose were important for salt tolerance in cotton mechanism. These results will provide some metabolic insights and key metabolite biomarkers for salt stress tolerance, which may help to understanding of the metabolite response to salt stress in cotton and develop a foundation for cotton to grow better in saline soil.