Title |
Glanders: an overview of infection in humans
|
---|---|
Published in |
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, September 2013
|
DOI | 10.1186/1750-1172-8-131 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Kristopher E Van Zandt, Marek T Greer, H Carl Gelhaus |
Abstract |
Glanders is a highly contagious and often fatal zoonotic disease, primarily of solipds. In the developed world, glanders has been eradicated. However, prior use of B. mallei as a biological weapon and its high mortality in inhalation animal studies has affirmed B. mallei as a biodefense concern. This threat requires the development of new glanders medical countermeasures (MCMs), as there is a lack of an effective vaccine and lengthy courses of multiple antibiotics needed to eradicate B. mallei. Here, we present a literature review of human glanders in which we discuss the clinical epidemiology and risk factors, potential routes of exposure, symptoms, the incubation period, and specific diagnostics. This review focuses on pulmonary glanders, as this is the most likely outcome of a biological weapons attack. Additionally, we outline current treatment regimens and propose a clinical definition of human pulmonary glanders infection. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Mexico | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Brazil | 2 | 1% |
India | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 142 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 22 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 20 | 14% |
Researcher | 18 | 12% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 18 | 12% |
Other | 8 | 6% |
Other | 20 | 14% |
Unknown | 39 | 27% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 29 | 20% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 21 | 14% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 16 | 11% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 8% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 8 | 6% |
Other | 18 | 12% |
Unknown | 42 | 29% |