Title |
Habitat productivity constrains the distribution of social spiders across continents – case study of the genus Stegodyphus
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Published in |
Frontiers in Zoology, February 2013
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DOI | 10.1186/1742-9994-10-9 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Marija Majer, Jens-Christian Svenning, Trine Bilde |
Abstract |
Sociality has evolved independently multiple times across the spider phylogeny, and despite wide taxonomic and geographical breadth the social species are characterized by a common geographical constrain to tropical and subtropical areas. Here we investigate the environmental factors that drive macro-ecological patterns in social and solitary species in a genus that shows a Mediterranean-Afro-Oriental distribution (Stegodyphus). Both selected drivers (productivity and seasonality) may affect the abundance of potential prey insects, but seasonality may further directly affect survival due to mortality caused by extreme climatic events. Based on a comprehensive dataset including information about the distribution of three independently derived social species and 13 solitary congeners we tested the hypotheses that the distribution of social Stegodyphus species relative to solitary congeners is: (1) restricted to habitats of high vegetation productivity and (2) constrained to areas with a stable climate (low precipitation seasonality). |
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Demographic breakdown
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 13% |
Student > Master | 9 | 13% |
Researcher | 8 | 12% |
Other | 6 | 9% |
Other | 17 | 25% |
Unknown | 9 | 13% |
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Environmental Science | 12 | 18% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 3% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 3% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 2 | 3% |
Other | 6 | 9% |
Unknown | 10 | 15% |