Title |
Invertebrate and avian predators as drivers of chemical defensive strategies in tenthredinid sawflies
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Published in |
BMC Ecology and Evolution, September 2013
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DOI | 10.1186/1471-2148-13-198 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jean-Luc Boevé, Stephan M Blank, Gert Meijer, Tommi Nyman |
Abstract |
Many insects are chemically defended against predatory vertebrates and invertebrates. Nevertheless, our understanding of the evolution and diversity of insect defenses remains limited, since most studies have focused on visual signaling of defenses against birds, thereby implicitly underestimating the impact of insectivorous insects. In the larvae of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera), which feed on various plants and show diverse lifestyles, two distinct defensive strategies are found: easy bleeding of deterrent hemolymph, and emission of volatiles by ventral glands. Here, we used phylogenetic information to identify phylogenetic correlations among various ecological and defensive traits in order to estimate the relative importance of avian versus invertebrate predation. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 50% |
Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 2 | 5% |
France | 2 | 5% |
Italy | 1 | 2% |
Brazil | 1 | 2% |
Finland | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 36 | 84% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 14 | 33% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 16% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 4 | 9% |
Student > Master | 4 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 2 | 5% |
Other | 9 | 21% |
Unknown | 3 | 7% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 24 | 56% |
Environmental Science | 4 | 9% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 9% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 2 | 5% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 2% |
Other | 4 | 9% |
Unknown | 4 | 9% |