Title |
The first detection of influenza in the Finnish pig population: a retrospective study
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Published in |
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, September 2013
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DOI | 10.1186/1751-0147-55-69 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Tiina Nokireki, Taina Laine, Laura London, Niina Ikonen, Anita Huovilainen |
Abstract |
Swine influenza is an infectious acute respiratory disease of pigs caused by influenza A virus. We investigated the time of entry of swine influenza into the Finnish pig population. We also describe the molecular detection of two types of influenza A (H1N1) viruses in porcine samples submitted in 2009 and 2010.This retrospective study was based on three categories of samples: blood samples collected for disease monitoring from pigs at major slaughterhouses from 2007 to 2009; blood samples from pigs in farms with a special health status taken in 2008 and 2009; and diagnostic blood samples from pigs in farms with clinical signs of respiratory disease in 2008 and 2009. The blood samples were tested for influenza A antibodies with an antibody ELISA. Positive samples were further analyzed for H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2 antibodies with a hemagglutination inhibition test. Diagnostic samples for virus detection were subjected to influenza A M-gene-specific real-time RT-PCR and to pandemic influenza A H1N1-specific real-time RT-PCR. Positive samples were further analyzed with RT-PCRs designed for this purpose, and the PCR products were sequenced and sequences analyzed phylogenetically. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 3 | 43% |
India | 1 | 14% |
United States | 1 | 14% |
Unknown | 2 | 29% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 6 | 86% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Denmark | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 26 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 8 | 30% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 7% |
Other | 2 | 7% |
Other | 5 | 19% |
Unknown | 4 | 15% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 5 | 19% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 11% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 7% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 7% |
Other | 2 | 7% |
Unknown | 4 | 15% |