Population profile and residential environment of an urban poor community in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Khalequzzaman, Chifa Chiang, Bilqis Amin Hoque, Sohel Reza Choudhury, Saika Nizam, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Akiko Matsuyama, Yoshihisa Hirakawa, Syed Shariful Islam, Hiroyasu Iso, Atsuko Aoyama

A population survey was conducted in an urban shantytown in Bangladesh, as a baseline study of future epidemiological studies. This paper aims to describe the findings of the study, including the population profile and residential environment of the urban poor. We conducted a complete count household survey in an urban poor community in Dhaka. Using a brief structured questionnaire in Bengali language, trained interviewers visited each household and asked questions such as: duration of residence; ownership of house, toilet and kitchen; water supply; number of family members; age, sex, education, occupation, tobacco use, and history of diseases of each family member. We found that there were 8604 households and 34,170 people in the community. Average number of household members was 4.0. Most people had access to safe water, but only 16% lived in the house with a toilet. Based on the proxy indicators of household wealth levels, we identified that about 39% were relatively well-off, while the rest were very poor. Tobacco use was prevalent in men regardless of age and in women aged over 35 years. Prevalence of self-reported hypertension and diabetes was slightly higher in women than in men, although over 70% of the respondents didn't know if they had such diseases. Incidences of diarrhea in the last one month were relatively low. The study showed population profile and sanitation environment in an urban poor community by a complete count survey. We expect the study to serve as a baseline for future epidemiological studies.