Title |
Cancer immunotherapies targeting the PD-1 signaling pathway
|
---|---|
Published in |
Journal of Biomedical Science, April 2017
|
DOI | 10.1186/s12929-017-0329-9 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Yoshiko Iwai, Junzo Hamanishi, Kenji Chamoto, Tasuku Honjo |
Abstract |
Immunotherapy has recently emerged as the fourth pillar of cancer treatment, joining surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. While early immunotherapies focused on accelerating T-cell activity, current immune-checkpoint inhibitors take the brakes off the anti-tumor immune responses. Successful clinical trials with PD-1 monoclonal antibodies and other immune-checkpoint inhibitors have opened new avenues in cancer immunology. However, the failure of a large subset of cancer patients to respond to these new immunotherapies has led to intensified research on combination therapies and predictive biomarkers. Here we summarize the development of PD-1-blockade immunotherapy and current issues in its clinical use. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 4 | 29% |
India | 3 | 21% |
Turkey | 1 | 7% |
Mexico | 1 | 7% |
Austria | 1 | 7% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 7% |
Unknown | 3 | 21% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 9 | 64% |
Scientists | 3 | 21% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Iran, Islamic Republic of | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 696 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 118 | 17% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 89 | 13% |
Researcher | 86 | 12% |
Student > Master | 86 | 12% |
Other | 45 | 6% |
Other | 102 | 15% |
Unknown | 171 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 149 | 21% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 126 | 18% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 67 | 10% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 53 | 8% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 34 | 5% |
Other | 83 | 12% |
Unknown | 185 | 27% |