Title |
Is agriculture driving the diversification of the Bemisia tabaci species complex (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae)?: Dating, diversification and biogeographic evidence revealed
|
---|---|
Published in |
BMC Ecology and Evolution, October 2013
|
DOI | 10.1186/1471-2148-13-228 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Laura M Boykin, Charles D Bell, Gregory Evans, Ian Small, Paul J De Barro |
Abstract |
Humans and insect herbivores are competing for the same food crops and have been for thousands of years. Despite considerable advances in crop pest management, losses due to insects remain considerable. The global homogenisation of agriculture has supported the range expansion of numerous insect pests and has been driven in part by human-assisted dispersal supported through rapid global trade and low-cost air passenger transport. One of these pests, is the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, a cryptic species complex that contains some of the world's most damaging pests of agriculture. The complex shows considerable genetic diversity and strong phylogeographic relationships. One consequence of the considerable impact that members of the B. tabaci complex have on agriculture, is the view that human activity, particularly in relation to agricultural practices, such as use of insecticides, has driven the diversification found within the species complex. This has been particularly so in the case of two members of the complex, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED), which have become globally distributed invasive species. An alternative hypothesis is that diversification is due to paleogeographic and paleoclimatological changes. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 50% |
Scientists | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
France | 1 | <1% |
New Zealand | 1 | <1% |
Nigeria | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 117 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 25 | 20% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 24 | 20% |
Student > Master | 20 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 8 | 7% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 5% |
Other | 15 | 12% |
Unknown | 24 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 76 | 62% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 6% |
Environmental Science | 6 | 5% |
Unspecified | 2 | 2% |
Mathematics | 1 | <1% |
Other | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 29 | 24% |