Title |
Age-dependent changes in the expression of regulatory cell surface ligands in activated human T-cells
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Published in |
BMC Immunology, October 2013
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DOI | 10.1186/1471-2172-14-45 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
David H Canaday, Karen E Parker, Htin Aung, Hui Emily Chen, Dariana Nunez-Medina, Christopher J Burant |
Abstract |
The immune system consists of multiple preformed and more specific adaptive immune responses, which are all subject to both positive and negative regulation. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a cell surface ligand implicated in the induction of anergy, Inducible T-cell Costimulator (ICOS) plays a stimulatory role in the development of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) plays a role in inhibitory regulation of T-cell activity, and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin protein 3 (Tim-3) has been described as a negative regulatory molecule in CD4+ helper type 1 cells and CD8+ cytotoxic type 1 cells. Each of these ligands is induced with T-cell activation allowing greater opportunity to have a regulatory role. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 24 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 5 | 21% |
Student > Master | 5 | 21% |
Other | 2 | 8% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 2 | 8% |
Student > Postgraduate | 2 | 8% |
Other | 4 | 17% |
Unknown | 4 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 9 | 38% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 6 | 25% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 17% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 4% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | 4% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 3 | 13% |