Title |
Unification of Cas protein families and a simple scenario for the origin and evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems
|
---|---|
Published in |
Biology Direct, July 2011
|
DOI | 10.1186/1745-6150-6-38 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Kira S Makarova, L Aravind, Yuri I Wolf, Eugene V Koonin |
Abstract |
The CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity systems that are present in most Archaea and many Bacteria function by incorporating fragments of alien genomes into specific genomic loci, transcribing the inserts and using the transcripts as guide RNAs to destroy the genome of the cognate virus or plasmid. This RNA interference-like immune response is mediated by numerous, diverse and rapidly evolving Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins, several of which form the Cascade complex involved in the processing of CRISPR transcripts and cleavage of the target DNA. Comparative analysis of the Cas protein sequences and structures led to the classification of the CRISPR-Cas systems into three Types (I, II and III). |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Brazil | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 6 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
Spain | 2 | <1% |
Japan | 2 | <1% |
China | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 743 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 148 | 19% |
Student > Master | 136 | 18% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 131 | 17% |
Researcher | 86 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 25 | 3% |
Other | 88 | 12% |
Unknown | 145 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 257 | 34% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 255 | 34% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 19 | 3% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 15 | 2% |
Chemistry | 13 | 2% |
Other | 46 | 6% |
Unknown | 154 | 20% |