Title |
Microbial exposure alters HIV-1-induced mucosal CD4+ T cell death pathways Ex vivo
|
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Published in |
Retrovirology, February 2014
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DOI | 10.1186/1742-4690-11-14 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Amanda K Steele, Eric J Lee, Jennifer A Manuzak, Stephanie M Dillon, John David Beckham, Martin D McCarter, Mario L Santiago, Cara C Wilson |
Abstract |
Early HIV-1 infection causes massive CD4+ T cell death in the gut and translocation of bacteria into the circulation. However, the programmed cell death (PCD) pathways used by HIV-1 to kill CD4+ T cells in the gut, and the impact of microbial exposure on T cell loss, remain unclear. Understanding mucosal HIV-1 triggered PCD could be advanced by an ex vivo system involving lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs). We therefore modeled the interactions of gut LPMCs, CCR5-tropic HIV-1 and a commensal gut bacterial species, Escherichia coli. In this Lamina Propria Aggregate Culture (LPAC) model, LPMCs were infected with HIV-1BaL by spinoculation and cultured in the presence or absence of heat killed E.coli. CD4+ T cell numbers derived from flow cytometry and viable cell counts were reported relative to mock infection. Viable cells were identified by viability dye exclusion (AqVi), and intracellular HIV-1 Gag p24 protein was used to identify infected cells. Annexin V and AqVi were used to identify apoptotic versus necrotic cells. Caspase-1 and Caspase-3 activities were blocked using specific inhibitors YVAD and DEVD, respectively. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 50% |
United States | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 3 | 4% |
Italy | 1 | 1% |
South Africa | 1 | 1% |
Brazil | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 64 | 91% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 16 | 23% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 14 | 20% |
Student > Bachelor | 7 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 7% |
Student > Master | 5 | 7% |
Other | 14 | 20% |
Unknown | 9 | 13% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 23 | 33% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 15 | 21% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 11 | 16% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 1% |
Other | 4 | 6% |
Unknown | 9 | 13% |