Title |
A multi-locus inference of the evolutionary diversification of extant flamingos (Phoenicopteridae)
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Published in |
BMC Ecology and Evolution, March 2014
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DOI | 10.1186/1471-2148-14-36 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Chris R Torres, Lisa M Ogawa, Mark AF Gillingham, Brittney Ferrari, Marcel van Tuinen |
Abstract |
Modern flamingos (Phoenicopteridae) occupy a highly specialized ecology unique among birds and represent a potentially powerful model system for informing the mechanisms by which a lineage of birds adapts and radiates. However, despite a rich fossil record and well-studied feeding morphology, molecular investigations of the evolutionary progression among modern flamingos have been limited. Here, using three mitochondrial (mtDNA) markers, we present the first DNA sequence-based study of population genetic variation in the widely distributed Chilean Flamingo and, using two mtDNA and 10 nuclear (nDNA) markers, recover the species tree and divergence time estimates for the six extant species of flamingos. Phylogenetic analyses include likelihood and Bayesian frameworks and account for potential gene tree discordance. Analyses of divergence times are fossil calibrated at the divergence of Mirandornithes (flamingos + grebes) and the divergence of crown grebes. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 2 | 14% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 14% |
Spain | 2 | 14% |
Germany | 1 | 7% |
Canada | 1 | 7% |
Unknown | 6 | 43% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 10 | 71% |
Scientists | 2 | 14% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 7% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 7% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Chile | 1 | 1% |
United States | 1 | 1% |
Italy | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 87 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 16 | 18% |
Researcher | 16 | 18% |
Student > Bachelor | 16 | 18% |
Student > Master | 10 | 11% |
Professor | 4 | 4% |
Other | 12 | 13% |
Unknown | 16 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 46 | 51% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 10% |
Environmental Science | 4 | 4% |
Social Sciences | 4 | 4% |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 2 | 2% |
Other | 5 | 6% |
Unknown | 20 | 22% |