Title |
Malaria after international travel: a GeoSentinel analysis, 2003–2016
|
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Published in |
Malaria Journal, July 2017
|
DOI | 10.1186/s12936-017-1936-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Kristina M. Angelo, Michael Libman, Eric Caumes, Davidson H. Hamer, Kevin C. Kain, Karin Leder, Martin P. Grobusch, Stefan H. Hagmann, Phyllis Kozarsky, David G. Lalloo, Poh-Lian Lim, Calvin Patimeteeporn, Philippe Gautret, Silvia Odolini, François Chappuis, Douglas H. Esposito, for the GeoSentinel Network |
Abstract |
More than 30,000 malaria cases are reported annually among international travellers. Despite improvements in malaria control, malaria continues to threaten travellers due to inaccurate perception of risk and sub-optimal pre-travel preparation. Records with a confirmed malaria diagnosis after travel from January 2003 to July 2016 were obtained from GeoSentinel, a global surveillance network of travel and tropical medicine providers that monitors travel-related morbidity. Records were excluded if exposure country was missing or unascertainable or if there was a concomitant acute diagnosis unrelated to malaria. Records were analyzed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of international travellers with malaria. There were 5689 travellers included; 325 were children <18 years. More than half (53%) were visiting friends and relatives (VFRs). Most (83%) were exposed in sub-Saharan Africa. The median trip duration was 32 days (interquartile range 20-75); 53% did not have a pre-travel visit. More than half (62%) were hospitalized; children were hospitalized more frequently than adults (73 and 62%, respectively). Ninety-two per cent had a single Plasmodium species diagnosis, most frequently Plasmodium falciparum (4011; 76%). Travellers with P. falciparum were most frequently VFRs (60%). More than 40% of travellers with a trip duration ≤7 days had Plasmodium vivax. There were 444 (8%) travellers with severe malaria; 31 children had severe malaria. Twelve travellers died. Malaria remains a serious threat to international travellers. Efforts must focus on preventive strategies aimed on children and VFRs, and chemoprophylaxis access and preventive measure adherence should be emphasized. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 4 | 19% |
France | 1 | 5% |
Indonesia | 1 | 5% |
Canada | 1 | 5% |
Japan | 1 | 5% |
Malaysia | 1 | 5% |
Spain | 1 | 5% |
Nigeria | 1 | 5% |
Italy | 1 | 5% |
Other | 1 | 5% |
Unknown | 8 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 15 | 71% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 19% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 10% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 150 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 20 | 13% |
Researcher | 18 | 12% |
Student > Postgraduate | 16 | 11% |
Other | 13 | 9% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 9% |
Other | 32 | 21% |
Unknown | 38 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 50 | 33% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 9 | 6% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 5% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 7 | 5% |
Computer Science | 3 | 2% |
Other | 21 | 14% |
Unknown | 52 | 35% |