Title |
Acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype in the tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell: a new role for G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in mediating tamoxifen resistance through cancer-associated fibroblast-derived fibronectin and β1-integrin signaling pathway in tumor cells
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Published in |
Breast Cancer Research, May 2015
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DOI | 10.1186/s13058-015-0579-y |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jie Yuan, Manran Liu, Li Yang, Gang Tu, Qing Zhu, Maoshan Chen, Hong Cheng, Haojun Luo, Weijie Fu, Zhenhua Li, Guanglun Yang |
Abstract |
Acquired tamoxifen resistance remains the major obstacle to breast cancer endocrine therapy. β1-integrin was identified as one of the target genes of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a novel estrogen receptor recognized as an initiator of tamoxifen resistance. Here, we investigated the role of β1-integrin in GPER-mediated tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. The expression of β1-integrin and biomarkers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated immunohistochemically in 53 specimens of metastases (MTs) and paired primary tumors (PTs). The function of β1-integrin was investigated in tamoxifen-resistant (MCF-7R) subclones, derived from parental MCF-7 cells, and MCF-7R β1-integrin-silenced subclones in MTT and Transwell assays. Involved signaling pathways were identified using specific inhibitors and Western blotting analysis. GPER, β1-integrin and mesenchymal biomarkers (vimentin and fibronectin) expression in MTs increased compared to the corresponding PTs; a close expression pattern of β1-integrin and GPER were in MTs. Increased β1-integrin expression was also confirmed in MCF-7R cells compared with MCF-7 cells. This upregulation of β1-integrin was induced by agonists of GPER and blocked by both antagonist and knockdown of it in MCF-7R cells. Moreover, epidermal growth factor receptor/extracellular regulated protein kinase (EGFR/ERK) signaling pathway was involved in this transcriptional regulation since specific inhibitors of these kinases also reduced the GPER-induced upregulaiton of β1-integrin. Interestingly, silencing of β1-integrin partially rescued the sensitivity of MCF-7R cells to tamoxifen and α5β1-integrin subunit is probably responsible for this phenomenon. Importantly, the cell migration and EMT induced by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), or the product of CAFs, fibronectin, were reduced by knockdown of β1-integrin in MCF-7R cells. In addition, the downstream kinases of β1-integrin including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src and AKT were activated in MCF-7R cells and maybe involved in the interaction between cancer cells and CAFs. GPER/EGFR/ERK signaling upregulates β1-integrin expression and activates downstream kinases, which contributes to CAF-induced cell migration and EMT, in MCF-7R cells. GPER probably contributes to tamoxifen resistance via interaction with the tumor microenvironment in a β1-integrin dependent pattern. Thus, β1-integrin may be a potential target to improve anti-hormone therapy responses in breast cancer patients. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Mexico | 1 | 1% |
United States | 1 | 1% |
Poland | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 79 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 21% |
Researcher | 13 | 16% |
Student > Master | 11 | 13% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 10% |
Student > Postgraduate | 6 | 7% |
Other | 13 | 16% |
Unknown | 14 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 25 | 30% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 18 | 22% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 11 | 13% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 2% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 2% |
Other | 7 | 9% |
Unknown | 17 | 21% |