Title |
Interactions of marine mammals and birds with offshore membrane enclosures for growing algae (OMEGA)
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Published in |
Aquatic Biosystems, May 2014
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DOI | 10.1186/2046-9063-10-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Stephanie N Hughes, Sasha Tozzi, Linden Harris, Shawn Harmsen, Colleen Young, Jon Rask, Sharon Toy-Choutka, Kit Clark, Marilyn Cruickshank, Hamilton Fennie, Julie Kuo, Jonathan D Trent |
Abstract |
OMEGA is an integrated aquatic system to produce biofuels, treat and recycle wastewater, capture CO2, and expand aquaculture production. This system includes floating photobioreactors (PBRs) that will cover hundreds of hectares in marine bays. To assess the interactions of marine mammals and birds with PBRs, 9 × 1.3 m flat panel and 9.5 × 0.2 m tubular PBRs were deployed in a harbor and monitored day and night from October 10, 2011 to Janurary 22, 2012 using infrared video. To observe interactions with pinnipeds, two trained sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and one trained harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) were observed and directed to interact with PBRs in tanks. To determine the forces required to puncture PBR plastic and the effects of weathering, Instron measurements were made with a sea otter (Enhydra lutris) tooth and bird beaks. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 3 | 60% |
United States | 1 | 20% |
Unknown | 1 | 20% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 3 | 60% |
Scientists | 1 | 20% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 20% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | 1% |
Ireland | 1 | 1% |
Germany | 1 | 1% |
Australia | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 70 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 25 | 34% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 14% |
Other | 10 | 14% |
Researcher | 9 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 5% |
Other | 7 | 9% |
Unknown | 9 | 12% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 23 | 31% |
Environmental Science | 22 | 30% |
Engineering | 5 | 7% |
Computer Science | 3 | 4% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 3% |
Other | 9 | 12% |
Unknown | 10 | 14% |