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Morphology of the snake spectacle reflects its evolutionary adaptation and development

Overview of attention for article published in BMC Veterinary Research, August 2017
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Title
Morphology of the snake spectacle reflects its evolutionary adaptation and development
Published in
BMC Veterinary Research, August 2017
DOI 10.1186/s12917-017-1193-2
Pubmed ID
Authors

Mari-Ann Otkjaer Da Silva, Steffen Heegaard, Tobias Wang, Jacob Thorup Gade, Christian Damsgaard, Mads Frost Bertelsen

Abstract

Covering the eye of all snakes is a transparent integumental structure known as the spectacle. In order to determine variations in spectacle thickness among species, the spectacles of 217 alcohol-preserved museum specimens of 44 species belonging to 14 different families underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure spectacular thickness. Multivariable analyses were made to determine whether family, activity period (diurnal/nocturnal) and habitat (arboreal/terrestrial/fossorial/aquatic) influenced spectacle thickness. The thinnest spectacles in absolute terms were found in the Usambara bush viper (Viperidae) with a thickness of 74 ± 9 μm and the absolute thickest spectacle was found in the red-tailed pipe snake (Cylindrophiidae) which had a spectacle thickness of 244 ± 57 μm. Fossorial and aquatic snakes had significantly thicker spectacles than arboreal and terrestrial snakes. When spectacle thickness was correlated to eye size (horizontal spectacle diameter), Gray's earth snake (Uropeltidae) had the lowest ratio (1:7) and the cottonmouth (Viperidae) had the highest ratio (1:65). Multivariable and phylogenetic analyses showed that spectacular thickness could be predicted by taxonomic family and habitat, but not activity period. This phylogenetically broad systematic study of the thickness of the snake spectacle showed that spectacular thickness varies greatly across snake species and may reflect evolutionary adaptation and development.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 46 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 46 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Bachelor 11 24%
Student > Postgraduate 6 13%
Researcher 5 11%
Student > Ph. D. Student 4 9%
Student > Master 4 9%
Other 4 9%
Unknown 12 26%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 11 24%
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine 10 22%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 2 4%
Mathematics 1 2%
Business, Management and Accounting 1 2%
Other 5 11%
Unknown 16 35%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 20 August 2017.
All research outputs
#20,444,703
of 22,999,744 outputs
Outputs from BMC Veterinary Research
#2,430
of 3,064 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#278,298
of 318,830 outputs
Outputs of similar age from BMC Veterinary Research
#65
of 77 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,999,744 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,064 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.9. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 77 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.