miRNAs associated with prostate cancer risk and progression

Hung N. Luu, Hui-Yi Lin, Karina Dalsgaard Sørensen, Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi, Nagi Kumar, Ganna Chornokur, Catherine Phelan, Dominique Jones, LaCreis Kidd, Jyotsna Batra, Kosj Yamoah, Anders Berglund, Robert J. Rounbehler, Mihi Yang, Sang Haak Lee, Nahyeon Kang, Seung Joon Kim, Jong Y. Park, Giuliano Di Pietro

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among men in the US. Though considerable improvement in the diagnosis of prostate cancer has been achieved in the past decade, predicting disease outcome remains a major clinical challenge. Recent expression profiling studies in prostate cancer suggest microRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as potential biomarkers for prostate cancer risk and disease progression. miRNAs comprise a large family of about 22-nucleotide-long non-protein coding RNAs, regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and participate in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. In this review, we discuss the current status of miRNA in studies evaluating the disease progression of prostate cancer. The discussion highlights key findings from previous studies, which reported the role of miRNAs in risk and progression of prostate cancer, providing an understanding of the influence of miRNA on prostate cancer. Our review indicates that somewhat consistent results exist between these studies and reports on several prostate cancer related miRNAs. Present promising candidates are miR-1, -21, 106b, 141, -145, -205, -221, and -375, which are the most frequently studied and seem to be the most promising for diagnosis and prognosis for prostate cancer. Nevertheless, the findings from previous studies suggest miRNAs may play an important role in the risk and progression of prostate cancer as promising biomarkers.