Title |
Human Mammary Tumor Virus (HMTV) sequences in human milk
|
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Published in |
Infectious Agents and Cancer, June 2014
|
DOI | 10.1186/1750-9378-9-20 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Teiko Nartey, Heberth Moran, Tania Marin, Kathleen F Arcaro, Douglas L Anderton, Polly Etkind, James F Holland, Stella M Melana, Beatriz G-T Pogo |
Abstract |
Retroviral sequences 90-95% homologous to the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) were present in 38% of the breast cancers studied from American women and were not detectable in non-tumor breast tissue from the same patient. The entire proviral structure was described and viral particles were isolated from primary cultures of human breast cancer. This virus was designated as human mammary tumor virus (HMTV). Hormone response elements present in the HMTV Long-Terminal-Repeat (LTR) suggest a mechanism for association of HMTV with hormonally responding tissues. In fact, the incidence of HMTV sequences is higher in gestational breast cancers, which are associated with hormonal changes. Milk epithelial cells are also under hormonal regulation and therefore are excellent specimens for HMTV sequence detection. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Ireland | 1 | 25% |
Tunisia | 1 | 25% |
United States | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 50% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 25% |
Scientists | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Brazil | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 28 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 21% |
Student > Bachelor | 5 | 17% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 10% |
Student > Master | 3 | 10% |
Student > Postgraduate | 3 | 10% |
Other | 5 | 17% |
Unknown | 4 | 14% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 24% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 7 | 24% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 17% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 7% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 3% |
Other | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 6 | 21% |