Title |
Induction of inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptors in chickens infected with avian H9N2 influenza virus
|
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Published in |
Veterinary Research, May 2011
|
DOI | 10.1186/1297-9716-42-64 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Nguyen Tai Nang, Joo Sub Lee, Byung Min Song, Young Myong Kang, Hyun Soo Kim, Sang Heui Seo |
Abstract |
H9N2 influenza virus is endemic in many Asian countries and is regarded as a candidate for the next human pandemic. Knowledge of the induction of inflammatory responses and toll-like receptors (TLRs) in chickens infected with H9N2 is limited. Here, we show that H9N2 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta 3; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; interferon-alpha, -beta, and gamma; and TLR 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 15 in trachea, lung, and intestine of infected chickens. In the lung, TLR-15 was dominantly induced. Taken together, it seems that H9N2 infections efficiently induce inflammatory cytokines and TLRs in trachea, lung and intestine of chickens. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Denmark | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 44 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 27% |
Researcher | 12 | 27% |
Student > Master | 4 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 4% |
Professor | 2 | 4% |
Other | 5 | 11% |
Unknown | 8 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 16 | 36% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 7 | 16% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 5 | 11% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 9% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 9% |
Other | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 8 | 18% |