Collagen II antibody-induced arthritis in Tg1278TNFko mice: optimization of a novel model to assess treatments targeting human TNFα in rheumatoid arthritis

Adrian Richard Moore, Sarah Allden, Tim Bourne, Maria C Denis, Ksanthi Kranidioti, Remi Okoye, Yannis Sotsios, Zofia Stencel, Alexander Vugler, Gillian Watt, Stevan Shaw

BackgroundNovel molecules that specifically target human TNF¿ in rheumatoid arthritis pose problems for preclinical assessment of efficacy. In this study collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) has been induced in human TNF¿ transgenic mice to provide a novel model that has been optimised for the evaluation of molecules targeting human TNF¿.MethodsTg1278TNFko mice lack murine TNF¿ and are heterozygous for multiple copies of the human TNF¿ transgene that is expressed under normal physiological control. To establish CAIA, a collagen II monoclonal antibody cocktail (CAb) at 2, 4 or 8mg was injected i.p. on Day 0 followed by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) boost (10 or 100¿g) i.p. on Day 1 or Day 4. Animals were assessed for arthritis symptoms using a clinical score, cytokine levels (human TNF¿, IL-1ß and IL-6) in sera and joints, and histopathology. The dependence of the model on human TNF¿ was determined by dosing animals with etanercept.ResultsTg1278TNFko animals treated with 2, 4 or 8mg CAb on Day 0, with 100¿g LPS on Day 4, had more severe arthritis and earlier symptoms than wild type animals at all doses of CAb tested. Subsequently it was found that the transgenic model did not require LPS at all for arthritis development but a lower dose of LPS (10¿g) was found necessary for reproducible and robust disease (close to 100% incidence, well-synchronised, with high arthritis scores). Furthermore the LPS challenge could be brought forward to Day 1 so that its¿ actions to facilitate disease could be separated temporally from the arthritis phase (beginning about Day 4). Etanercept, administered immediately after the serum spike of cytokines associated with LPS had subsided, was able to dose-dependently inhibit arthritis development and this was associated with a marked protection of the joints histologically on Day 14. Etanercept was also able to reverse the signs of arthritis when given therapeutically allowing animals to be matched for disease burden before dosing begins.ConclusionsThe features of CAIA in Tg1278TNFko animals make the model well-suited to testing the next generation of therapeutics that will target human TNF¿ in rheumatoid arthritis.