IntroductionAcute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a serious event, responsible for the progress of the disease, increases in medical costs, and high mortality.MethodsThe present study aimed to identify AECOPD-specific biomarkers by evaluating the dynamic gene profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with AECOPD on days 1, 3 and 10 after hospital admission, to compare with healthy controls or patients with stable COPD.ResultsWe found that 14 genes were co-differentially upregulated and 2 downregulated over 10-fold in patients with COPD or AECOPD, compared with the healthy individuals. Eight co-differentially upregulated genes and six downregulated genes were identified as a panel of AECOPD-specific genes. Downregulation of TCF7 in PBMCs was found to be associated with the severity of COPD. Dynamic changes of Aminolevulinate-delta-synthase 2 and carbonic anhydrase I had similar patterns of Digital Evaluation Score System and may serve as potential genes during the course of AECOPD.ConclusionThus, our findings indicate a panel of altered gene expression patterns in PBMCs can be used as AECOPD-specific dynamic biomarkers to monitor the course of the disease.