Title |
Antagonistic roles in fetal development and adult physiology for the oppositely imprinted Grb10 and Dlk1genes
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Published in |
BMC Biology, December 2014
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DOI | 10.1186/s12915-014-0099-8 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Marta Madon-Simon, Michael Cowley, Alastair S Garfield, Kim Moorwood, Steven R Bauer, Andrew Ward |
Abstract |
Despite being a fundamental biological problem the control of body size and proportions during development remains poorly understood, although it is accepted that the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway has a central role in growth regulation, probably in all animals. The involvement of imprinted genes has also attracted much attention, not least because two of the earliest discovered were shown to be oppositely imprinted and antagonistic in their regulation of growth. The Igf2 gene encodes a paternally expressed ligand that promotes growth, while maternally expressed Igf2r encodes a cell surface receptor that restricts growth by sequestering Igf2 and targeting it for lysosomal degradation. There are now over 150 imprinted genes known in mammals, but no other clear examples of antagonistic gene pairs have been identified. The delta-like 1 gene (Dlk1) encodes a putative ligand that promotes fetal growth and in adults restricts adipose deposition. Conversely, Grb10 encodes an intracellular signalling adaptor protein that, when expressed from the maternal allele, acts to restrict fetal growth and is permissive for adipose deposition in adulthood. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 4 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 48 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 21% |
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 13% |
Student > Master | 5 | 10% |
Professor | 3 | 6% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 6% |
Other | 12 | 25% |
Unknown | 9 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 29% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 12 | 25% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 2% |
Unspecified | 1 | 2% |
Other | 4 | 8% |
Unknown | 11 | 23% |