Title |
Parasitic wasp responses to symbiont-based defense in aphids
|
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Published in |
BMC Biology, February 2012
|
DOI | 10.1186/1741-7007-10-11 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Kerry M Oliver, Koji Noge, Emma M Huang, Jaime M Campos, Judith X Becerra, Martha S Hunter |
Abstract |
Recent findings indicate that several insect lineages receive protection against particular natural enemies through infection with heritable symbionts, but little is yet known about whether enemies are able to discriminate and respond to symbiont-based defense. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, receives protection against the parasitic wasp, Aphidius ervi, when infected with the bacterial symbiont Hamiltonella defensa and its associated bacteriophage APSE (Acyrthosiphon pisum secondary endosymbiont). Internally developing parasitoid wasps, such as A. ervi, use maternal and embryonic factors to create an environment suitable for developing wasps. If more than one parasitoid egg is deposited into a single aphid host (superparasitism), then additional complements of these factors may contribute to the successful development of the single parasitoid that emerges. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 2 | 40% |
Australia | 1 | 20% |
Germany | 1 | 20% |
Unknown | 1 | 20% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 60% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 40% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 4 | 2% |
Germany | 2 | 1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
India | 1 | <1% |
Argentina | 1 | <1% |
Iran, Islamic Republic of | 1 | <1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 159 | 92% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 44 | 26% |
Researcher | 27 | 16% |
Student > Master | 24 | 14% |
Professor | 12 | 7% |
Student > Bachelor | 12 | 7% |
Other | 33 | 19% |
Unknown | 20 | 12% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 107 | 62% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 6% |
Environmental Science | 11 | 6% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 2 | 1% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 1% |
Other | 12 | 7% |
Unknown | 27 | 16% |