Growing recognition of paracrine mechanisms in stem cell plasticity has resulted in considerable interest in stem cell-derived secretome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on the composition and hepatic regenerative activity of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome.
Conditioned medium (CM) and LPS-CM were obtained after culturing human ASCs without or with low-dose LPS (0.5 ng/ml) for 24 h, respectively. Untreated and thioacetamide-treated mouse AML12 hepatocytes were incubated for 24 h with the control medium, LPS (0.5 ng/ml), CM, and LPS-CM, respectively, and then cell viabilities were compared. CM and LPS-CM were also intravenously administrated to partially hepatectomized mice and their effects on liver regeneration were assessed using liver weight measurements, immunohistochemistry and western blotting.
In the in vitro experiments, LPS preconditioning of ASCs enhanced the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, HGF, and VEGF, which evoke inflammatory response or liver regeneration. LPS-CM significantly promoted thioacetamide-damaged AML12 cell viability compared with CM-incubated cells and the control cells (77%, 69%, and 65%, respectively; P < 0.05). In the in vivo experiment, LPS-CM infusion into the partially hepatectomized mice significantly reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared to the other groups (P < 0.05) on 1 and 2 days after partial hepatectomy. Moreover, LPS-CM infusion enhanced liver regeneration (based on the liver weight changes at 7 days after partial hepatectomy, 3.73% vs. 3.22% in the CM group; P < 0.05) and significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of AST and ALT (at day 1, P < 0.05).
Our results suggest that LPS preconditioning effectively stimulates ASCs to produce the secretome beneficial to hepatic regeneration. Thus, optimizing ASC secretome profile by LPS preconditioning could be a promising approach to treat liver diseases using stem cells.