Title |
Abuse risks and routes of administration of different prescription opioid compounds and formulations
|
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Published in |
Harm Reduction Journal, October 2011
|
DOI | 10.1186/1477-7517-8-29 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Stephen F Butler, Ryan A Black, Theresa A Cassidy, Taryn M Dailey, Simon H Budman |
Abstract |
Evaluation of tamper resistant formulations (TRFs) and classwide Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) for prescription opioid analgesics will require baseline descriptions of abuse patterns of existing opioid analgesics, including the relative risk of abuse of existing prescription opioids and characteristic patterns of abuse by alternate routes of administration (ROAs). This article presents, for one population at high risk for abuse of prescription opioids, the unadjusted relative risk of abuse of hydrocodone, immediate release (IR) and extended release (ER) oxycodone, methadone, IR and ER morphine, hydromorphone, IR and ER fentanyl, IR and ER oxymorphone. How relative risks change when adjusted for prescription volume of the products was examined along with patterns of abuse via ROAs for the products. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 7 | 64% |
Canada | 1 | 9% |
Unknown | 3 | 27% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 9 | 82% |
Scientists | 2 | 18% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Colombia | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Romania | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 95 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 18 | 18% |
Student > Bachelor | 13 | 13% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 10% |
Student > Master | 10 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 8% |
Other | 21 | 21% |
Unknown | 21 | 21% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 37 | 37% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 8 | 8% |
Social Sciences | 8 | 8% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 6% |
Psychology | 5 | 5% |
Other | 14 | 14% |
Unknown | 23 | 23% |