Title |
Reactivation of latent HIV-1 provirus via targeting protein phosphatase-1
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Published in |
Retrovirology, July 2015
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DOI | 10.1186/s12977-015-0190-4 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Mudit Tyagi, Sergey Iordanskiy, Tatyana Ammosova, Namita Kumari, Kahli Smith, Denitra Breuer, Andrey V Ilatovskiy, Yasemin Saygideğer Kont, Andrey Ivanov, Aykut Üren, Dmytro Kovalskyy, Michael Petukhov, Fatah Kashanchi, Sergei Nekhai |
Abstract |
HIV-1 escapes antiretroviral drugs by integrating into the host DNA and forming a latent transcriptionally silent HIV-1 provirus. This provirus presents the major hurdle in HIV-1 eradication and cure. Transcriptional activation, which is prerequisite for reactivation and the eradication of latent proviruses, is impaired in latently infected T cells due to the lack of host transcription factors, primarily NF-κB and P-TEFb (CDK9/cyclin T1). We and others previously showed that protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) regulates HIV-1 transcription by modulating CDK9 phosphorylation. Recently we have developed a panel of small molecular compounds targeting a non-catalytic site of PP1. Here we generated a new class of sulfonamide-containing compounds that activated HIV-1 in acute and latently infected cells. Among the tested molecules, a small molecule activator of PP1 (SMAPP1) induced both HIV-1 replication and reactivation of latent HIV-1 in chronically infected cultured and primary cells. In vitro, SMAPP1 interacted with PP1 and increased PP1 activity toward a recombinant substrate. Treatment with SMAPP1 increased phosphorylation of CDK9's Ser90 and Thr186 residues, but not Ser175. Proteomic analysis showed upregulation of P-TEFb and PP1 related proteins, including PP1 regulatory subunit Sds22 in SMAPP1-treated T cells. Docking analysis identified a PP1 binding site for SMAPP1 located within the C-terminal binding pocket of PP1. We identified a novel class of PP1-targeting compounds that reactivate latent HIV-1 provirus by targeting PP1, increasing CDK9 phosphorylation and enhancing HIV transcription. This compound represents a novel candidate for anti-HIV-1 therapeutics aiming at eradication of latent HIV-1 reservoirs. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Ireland | 1 | 17% |
Spain | 1 | 17% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 17% |
Unknown | 3 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 5 | 83% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 17% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 54 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 10 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 15% |
Student > Master | 7 | 13% |
Professor | 6 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 7% |
Other | 7 | 13% |
Unknown | 12 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 26% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 10 | 19% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 6 | 11% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 7% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 2 | 4% |
Other | 5 | 9% |
Unknown | 13 | 24% |