Title |
Immune checkpoint receptors in regulating immune reactivity in rheumatic disease
|
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Published in |
Arthritis Research & Therapy, October 2014
|
DOI | 10.1186/s13075-014-0469-1 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sabrina Ceeraz, Elizabeth C Nowak, Christopher M Burns, Randolph J Noelle |
Abstract |
Immune checkpoint regulators are critical modulators of the immune system, allowing the initiation of a productive immune response and preventing the onset of autoimmunity. Co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory immune checkpoint receptors are required for full T-cell activation and effector functions such as the production of cytokines. In autoimmune rheumatic diseases, impaired tolerance leads to the development of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjogren's syndrome. Targeting the pathways of the inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules CD152 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4) and CD279 (programmed death-1) in cancer shows robust anti-tumor responses and tumor regression. This observation suggests that, in autoimmune diseases, the converse strategy of engaging these molecules may alleviate inflammation owing to the success of abatacept (CD152-Ig) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. We review the preclinical and clinical developments in targeting immune checkpoint regulators in rheumatic disease. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 25% |
Hong Kong | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 2 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Spain | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Korea, Republic of | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 105 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Other | 16 | 15% |
Researcher | 16 | 15% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 13 | 12% |
Student > Master | 12 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 11 | 10% |
Other | 19 | 17% |
Unknown | 22 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 37 | 34% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 14 | 13% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 10% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 11 | 10% |
Chemistry | 3 | 3% |
Other | 10 | 9% |
Unknown | 23 | 21% |