Title |
Low and heterogeneous prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in different settings in Ethiopia using phenotyping and genotyping approaches
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Published in |
Malaria Journal, August 2018
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DOI | 10.1186/s12936-018-2437-8 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Getasew Shitaye, Endalamaw Gadisa, Lynn Grignard, Girma Shumie, Wakweya Chali, Temesgen Menberu, Mulualem Belachew, Getaneh Tegegn, Sagni Challi, Jonathan Curry, Laleta Mahey, Tsegaye Hailu, Hassen Mamo, Menakath Menon, Taye Balcha, Abraham Aseffa, Chris Drakeley, Teun Bousema, Fitsum G. Tadesse |
Abstract |
8-Aminoquinolines such as primaquine clear mature Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes that are responsible for transmission from human to mosquitoes and bring radical cure in Plasmodium vivax by clearing dormant liver stages. Deployment of primaquine is thus of relevance for malaria elimination efforts but challenged by the widespread prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) in endemic countries since primaquine in G6PDd individuals may lead to acute haemolysis. In this study, the prevalence of G6PDd was investigated in different settings in Ethiopia using phenotyping and genotyping approaches. Community and school based cross-sectional surveys were conducted from October to December 2016 in four administrative regions (Gambela, Benishangul Gumuz, Oromia, and Amhara) in Ethiopia. Finger prick blood samples were collected for G6PD enzyme activity using the CareStart™ G6PD screening test and genotyping of 36 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the G6PD gene and its flanking regions. Overall, the prevalence of phenotypic G6PDd was 1.4% (22/1609). For the first time in the Ethiopian population, the African variant (A-) was detected in 3.5% (7/199) of the limited set of genotyped samples, which were all phenotypically normal. Interestingly, all of these individuals had a variation at the rs2515904 locus. Strong geographical variation was observed for both phenotypic and genotypic G6PDd; three-quarters of the phenotypically G6PDd individuals were detected in Gambela. A very low prevalence of G6PDd was detected in the present study populations. The presence of the A- variant alongside other G6PD mutants and the patchy distribution of G6PDd indicate that larger studies specifically designed to unravel the distribution of G6PDd at small geographical scale may be needed to tailor malaria elimination efforts in Ethiopia to the local context. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Panama | 1 | 33% |
Unknown | 2 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 58 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 9 | 16% |
Student > Master | 8 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 3% |
Other | 8 | 14% |
Unknown | 18 | 31% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 12 | 21% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 14% |
Social Sciences | 4 | 7% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 5% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 3 | 5% |
Other | 6 | 10% |
Unknown | 22 | 38% |