Title |
Nomenclature for endogenous retrovirus (ERV) loci
|
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Published in |
Retrovirology, August 2018
|
DOI | 10.1186/s12977-018-0442-1 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Robert J. Gifford, Jonas Blomberg, John M. Coffin, Hung Fan, Thierry Heidmann, Jens Mayer, Jonathan Stoye, Michael Tristem, Welkin E. Johnson |
Abstract |
Retroviral integration into germline DNA can result in the formation of a vertically inherited proviral sequence called an endogenous retrovirus (ERV). Over the course of their evolution, vertebrate genomes have accumulated many thousands of ERV loci. These sequences provide useful retrospective information about ancient retroviruses, and have also played an important role in shaping the evolution of vertebrate genomes. There is an immediate need for a unified system of nomenclature for ERV loci, not only to assist genome annotation, but also to facilitate research on ERVs and their impact on genome biology and evolution. In this review, we examine how ERV nomenclatures have developed, and consider the possibilities for the implementation of a systematic approach for naming ERV loci. We propose that such a nomenclature should not only provide unique identifiers for individual loci, but also denote orthologous relationships between ERVs in different species. In addition, we propose that-where possible-mnemonic links to previous, well-established names for ERV loci and groups should be retained. We show how this approach can be applied and integrated into existing taxonomic and nomenclature schemes for retroviruses, ERVs and transposable elements. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 14 | 25% |
United Kingdom | 7 | 13% |
Australia | 3 | 5% |
Japan | 2 | 4% |
Brazil | 2 | 4% |
South Africa | 2 | 4% |
Canada | 2 | 4% |
Netherlands | 1 | 2% |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 | 2% |
Other | 2 | 4% |
Unknown | 19 | 35% |
Demographic breakdown
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Members of the public | 24 | 44% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 5% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 185 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 32 | 17% |
Student > Bachelor | 32 | 17% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 24 | 13% |
Student > Master | 22 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 4% |
Other | 11 | 6% |
Unknown | 56 | 30% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 27 | 15% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 18 | 10% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 7 | 4% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 5 | 3% |
Other | 16 | 9% |
Unknown | 60 | 32% |