Title |
Clonal population expansion in an outbreak of Plasmodium falciparum on the northwest coast of Ecuador
|
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Published in |
Malaria Journal, December 2015
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DOI | 10.1186/s12936-015-1019-2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Fabián E. Sáenz, Lindsay C. Morton, Sheila Akinyi Okoth, Gabriela Valenzuela, Claudia A. Vera-Arias, Eileen Vélez-Álvarez, Naomi W. Lucchi, L. Enrique Castro, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar |
Abstract |
Determining the source of malaria outbreaks in Ecuador and identifying remaining transmission foci will help in malaria elimination efforts. In this study, the genetic signatures of Plasmodium falciparum isolates, obtained from an outbreak that occurred in northwest Ecuador from 2012 to 2013, were characterized. Molecular investigation of the outbreak was performed using neutral microsatellites, drug resistance markers and pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genotyping. A majority of parasite isolates (31/32) from this outbreak were of a single clonal type that matched a clonal lineage previously described on the northern coast of Peru and a historical isolate from Ecuador. All but one isolate carried a chloroquine-resistant pfcrt genotype and sulfadoxine- and pyrimethamine-sensitive pfdhps and pfdhfr genotypes. Pfmdr1 mutations were identified in codons 184 and 1042. In addition, most samples (97 %) showed presence of pfhrp2 gene. This study indicates that parasites from a single clonal lineage largely contributed to this outbreak and this lineage was found to be genetically related to a lineage previously reported in the Peruvian coast and historical Ecuadorian parasites. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 3 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 67% |
Members of the public | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Ecuador | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 61 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Master | 14 | 23% |
Researcher | 10 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 10% |
Student > Postgraduate | 3 | 5% |
Other | 8 | 13% |
Unknown | 14 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 16 | 26% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 21% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 11 | 18% |
Social Sciences | 3 | 5% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 1 | 2% |
Other | 7 | 11% |
Unknown | 11 | 18% |