Title |
Evolutionary primacy of sodium bioenergetics
|
---|---|
Published in |
Biology Direct, April 2008
|
DOI | 10.1186/1745-6150-3-13 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Armen Y Mulkidjanian, Michael Y Galperin, Kira S Makarova, Yuri I Wolf, Eugene V Koonin |
Abstract |
The F- and V-type ATPases are rotary molecular machines that couple translocation of protons or sodium ions across the membrane to the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP. Both the F-type (found in most bacteria and eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts) and V-type (found in archaea, some bacteria, and eukaryotic vacuoles) ATPases can translocate either protons or sodium ions. The prevalent proton-dependent ATPases are generally viewed as the primary form of the enzyme whereas the sodium-translocating ATPases of some prokaryotes are usually construed as an exotic adaptation to survival in extreme environments. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 2% |
Russia | 2 | 1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Chile | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
Poland | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 139 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 34 | 23% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 32 | 21% |
Student > Bachelor | 17 | 11% |
Student > Master | 13 | 9% |
Professor | 7 | 5% |
Other | 20 | 13% |
Unknown | 27 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 52 | 35% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 35 | 23% |
Environmental Science | 7 | 5% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 6 | 4% |
Chemistry | 4 | 3% |
Other | 15 | 10% |
Unknown | 31 | 21% |