Title |
Correlation between S-1 treatment outcome and expression of biomarkers for refractory thymic carcinoma
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Published in |
BMC Cancer, February 2016
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DOI | 10.1186/s12885-016-2159-7 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Yusuke Okuma, Yukio Hosomi, Shingo Miyamoto, Masahiko Shibuya, Tatsuru Okamura, Tsunekazu Hishima |
Abstract |
Thymic carcinoma is a rare cancer with minimal evidence of a survival benefit following chemotherapy. An oral fluoropyrimidine of S-1, however, is the recommended active cytotoxic chemotherapy agent for refractory thymic carcinoma based on a case series, whereas sunitinib or everolimus are recommended as molecular-targeted agents based on Phase II trials. We retrospectively investigated the efficacy of S-1 for refractory thymic carcinoma and performed a biomarker analysis. We assessed the clinicopathological variables of 14 consecutive patients who underwent S-1 for refractory thymic carcinoma and correlated the clinical outcomes with potential biomarkers using paraffin-embedded cancer tissues of eight patients in the cohort. A total of 178 thymic malignancies were identified, of whom 14 patients included 12 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, one lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, and one undifferentiated carcinoma. Six patients exhibited a partial response (42.9 %: 95 % confidence interval [CI], 21.4-67.4) and the disease control rate was 85.7 % (60.0-96.0 %). After a median follow-up of 24.2 months, the median progression-free survival was 8.1 months (range, 2.6-12.2 months), and median overall survival was 30.0 months (range, 6.2-41.9 months). No significant correlation between biomarker expression and response was noted. However, thymidine synthase (TS)/dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and TS/orotate phosphoribosyltransferase were observed. S-1 for refractory thymic carcinoma offered clinical activity and achieved an 85 % disease control rate. Although the biomarkers did not correlate with clinical outcome, the study results showed efficacy of S-1 as a cytotoxic chemotherapy for refractory thymic carcinoma, which warrants future investigation. |
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