Title |
Poorly differentiated clusters (PDC) in colorectal cancer: what is and ought to be known
|
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Published in |
Diagnostic Pathology, March 2016
|
DOI | 10.1186/s13000-016-0481-7 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Luca Reggiani Bonetti, Valeria Barresi, Stefania Bettelli, Federica Domati, Cristian Palmiere |
Abstract |
The counting of poorly differentiated clusters of 5 or more cancer cells lacking a gland-like structure in a tumor mass has recently been identified among the histological features predictive of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Poorly differentiated clusters can easily be recognized in the histological sections of colorectal cancer routinely stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Despite some limitations related to specimen fragmentation, counting can also be assessed in endoscopic biopsies. Based on the number of poorly differentiated clusters that appear under a microscopic field of a ×20 objective lens (i.e., a microscopic field with a major axis of 1 mm), colorectal cancer can be graded into malignancies as follows: tumors with <5 clusters as grade 1, tumors with 5 to 9 clusters as grade 2, and tumors with ≥10 clusters as grade 3. High poorly differentiated cluster counts are significantly associated with peri-neural and lympho-vascular invasion, the presence of nodal metastases or micrometastases, as well as shorter overall and progression free survival to colorectal cancer. The morphological aspects and clinical relevance of poorly differentiated clusters counting in colorectal cancer are discussed in this review. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Brazil | 2 | 25% |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1 | 13% |
Unknown | 2 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 50% |
Members of the public | 3 | 38% |
Scientists | 1 | 13% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Hungary | 1 | 1% |
United States | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 72 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 11 | 15% |
Other | 9 | 12% |
Researcher | 8 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 9% |
Other | 13 | 18% |
Unknown | 14 | 19% |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 42 | 57% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 12% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 4% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 3% |
Arts and Humanities | 1 | 1% |
Other | 3 | 4% |
Unknown | 14 | 19% |