Title |
Maternal effects on male weaponry: female dung beetles produce major sons with longer horns when they perceive higher population density
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Published in |
BMC Ecology and Evolution, July 2012
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DOI | 10.1186/1471-2148-12-118 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Bruno A Buzatto, Joseph L Tomkins, Leigh W Simmons |
Abstract |
Maternal effects are environmental influences on the phenotype of one individual that are due to the expression of genes in its mother, and are expected to evolve whenever females are better capable of assessing the environmental conditions that their offspring will experience than the offspring themselves. In the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus, conditional male dimorphism is associated with alternative reproductive tactics: majors fight and guard females whereas minors sneak copulations. Furthermore, variation in dung beetle population density has different fitness consequences for each male morph, and theory predicts that higher population density might select for a higher frequency of minors and/or greater expenditure on weaponry in majors. Because adult dung beetles provide offspring with all the nutritional resources for their development, maternal effects strongly influence male phenotype. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 4 | 57% |
United States | 2 | 29% |
Unknown | 1 | 14% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 4 | 57% |
Scientists | 2 | 29% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Brazil | 2 | 2% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 100 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 37 | 35% |
Researcher | 15 | 14% |
Student > Master | 12 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 6% |
Student > Postgraduate | 6 | 6% |
Other | 16 | 15% |
Unknown | 14 | 13% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Environmental Science | 3 | 3% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 3% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 2% |
Psychology | 1 | <1% |
Other | 3 | 3% |
Unknown | 20 | 19% |