Title |
Efficacy and safety of venous angioplasty of the extracranial veins for multiple sclerosis. Brave dreams study (brain venous drainage exploited against multiple sclerosis): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
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Published in |
Trials, October 2012
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DOI | 10.1186/1745-6215-13-183 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Paolo Zamboni, Antonio Bertolotto, Paolo Boldrini, Patrizia Cenni, Roberto D’Alessandro, Roberto D’Amico, Massimo Del Sette, Roberto Galeotti, Stefania Galimberti, Alessandro Liberati, Luca Massacesi, Donato Papini, Fabrizio Salvi, Silvana Simi, Andrea Stella, Luigi Tesio, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Graziella Filippini, Chair of the Steering Committee |
Abstract |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a disabling progressive course. Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has recently been described as a vascular condition characterized by restricted venous outflow from the brain, mainly due to blockages of the internal jugular and azygos veins. Despite a wide variability among studies, it has been found to be associated with MS. Data from a few small case series suggest possible improvement of the clinical course and quality of life by performing percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PTA) of the stenotic veins. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Italy | 6 | 46% |
Canada | 2 | 15% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 8% |
United States | 1 | 8% |
Unknown | 3 | 23% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 11 | 85% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 15% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Uruguay | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 166 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 25 | 15% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 23 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 22 | 13% |
Researcher | 20 | 12% |
Other | 8 | 5% |
Other | 28 | 17% |
Unknown | 42 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 53 | 32% |
Psychology | 19 | 11% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 11 | 7% |
Neuroscience | 9 | 5% |
Sports and Recreations | 8 | 5% |
Other | 16 | 10% |
Unknown | 52 | 31% |