Title |
Patterns of chloroquine use and resistance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of household survey and molecular data
|
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Published in |
Malaria Journal, May 2011
|
DOI | 10.1186/1475-2875-10-116 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Anne EP Frosch, Meera Venkatesan, Miriam K Laufer |
Abstract |
As a result of widespread chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance, 90% of sub-Saharan African countries had adopted policies of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for treatment of uncomplicated malaria by 2007. In Malawi, cessation of chloroquine use was followed by the re-emergence of chloroquine-susceptible malaria. It was expected that introduction of ACT would lead to a return in chloroquine susceptibility throughout Africa, but this has not yet widely occurred. This observation suggests that there is continuing use of ineffective anti-malarials in Africa and that persistent chloroquine-resistant malaria is due to ongoing drug pressure despite national policy changes. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 17% |
Canada | 2 | 11% |
Netherlands | 1 | 6% |
Spain | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 11 | 61% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 17 | 94% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 3 | 2% |
Ethiopia | 2 | 1% |
Burkina Faso | 1 | <1% |
Tanzania, United Republic of | 1 | <1% |
Pakistan | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 159 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 30 | 18% |
Student > Master | 24 | 14% |
Researcher | 20 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 16 | 10% |
Professor | 7 | 4% |
Other | 32 | 19% |
Unknown | 39 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 38 | 23% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 28 | 17% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 16 | 10% |
Chemistry | 10 | 6% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 9 | 5% |
Other | 25 | 15% |
Unknown | 42 | 25% |